Abstract
Nutritional assessment in the pediatric population is a cornerstone of health monitoring, yet it faces unprecedented challenges. This review analyzes the transition from traditional anthropometry to advanced morphofunctional assessment. We evaluate the limitations of the Body Mass Index (BMI) and the emerging superiority of the Tri-ponderal Mass Index (TMI). Furthermore, we discuss the role of body composition models (from two to four compartments), the clinical integration of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), and the diagnostic potential of muscle ultrasound. Finally, we address the evolving therapeutic landscape of GLP-1 receptor agonists and the necessity of expanding nutritional vigilance to oncology and critical care patients.
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